Wideband Characterisation of the Dispersive Effects on IsolatedMature Trees for 2-GHz Band Urban Microcells

An important part of the modelling process applied to vegetation effects is aimed at analysing the radio propagation modes and the identification of individual signal contributions to the scattered signal caused by various elements of the tree. The paper describes detailed studies aimed at the wideband characterisation of propagation mechanisms arising in single trees. It explores effects of geometrical and physical properties of the tree on radiowave propagation modes arising specifically, i.e. absorption, scatter and depolarisation. Wideband channel measurements performed at 2 GHz provided valuable information on the dispersive effects of single trees, whose subsequent analyses revealed the sources of scattering, effects of tree elements, e.g. leaves and branches, and wind effects.